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What Men Should Know About Prostate Cancer
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is the leading cancer in men worldwide. It is the second most common cancer in men. Many low-grade prostate cancers grow slowly and remain confined to the prostate gland without spreading. Low-grade prostate tumors may not cause serious harm and may need minimal or even no treatment. However, high-grade cancers are aggressive and can spread quickly. The most common spread is to bones and lymph glands. when diagnosed early and treated promptly, has the best chance of potential cure.
Risk Factors For Prostate Cancer
Factors that are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer include:
Older age – the risk of cancer increases with age. It’s most common after age 50.
Race – Black Americans have a high incidence of diseases and it is also likely to be more aggressive in this race.
Family history – If a single blood relative, such as a parent, real uncle, sibling or child, has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, the risk may be increased twofold. If more than two family members have the disease, the risk is as high as elevenfold.
Obesity – Obese people may have a higher risk of compared with people considered to have a healthy weight. Obesity is also related to more aggressive disease
The Causes Of Prostate Cancer
The causes of prostate cancer are not clear but there are a few known causes:
- Important cause is genetic predisposition
- Cancer in first degree relatives increases the likelihood of developing prostate cancer significantly
- Diet and Smoking do not seem to have strong association with prostate cancer
Common Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer:
Symptoms May Include:
- Difficulty in passing urine
- Pain while passing urine
- Incomplete emptying of bladder
- Passing Urine more frequently, particularly at night
- Blood in the urine
- Pain or blood in ejaculation
- In advanced cases, bone pain particularly pain in lower back
Diagnosis Of Prostate Cancer
If prostate cancer is suspected on Digital Rectal Examination, the following tests should be performed to confirm the diagnosis:
- PSA (Blood Test)
- Transrectal Ultrasound Examination
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Prostate Biopsy
Treatment Of Prostate Cancer
If the diseasesis aggressive, it tends to spread outside the prostate at an early stage. Common sites for the spread are the ends of long bones and pelvic girdle and lymph nodes. To determine the spread outside the prostate following tests are helpful:
- Radionuclide
- Bone scan
- Transrectal Ultrasound
- Abdominal CT scan
- Pelvic MRI
- PET scan
In a localised, organ-confined disease where the Radical Treatment & Potential Cure is possible, the treatment options are:
- Radical Surgery (Radical Prostatectomy)
- Radical Radiation
- Radiation combined with hormonal treatment
Other options are:
- Hormonal Treatment (Anti-Androgens) alone (Palliation) – when the disease is spread
- Chemotherapy
- Newer Anti-Testosterones like Abiraterone and Enzlutamide
When to Consult with a doctor?
If urinary symptoms appear particularly in a person beyond 60 years of age he should be the best urologist. consult the doctor. It is more important if the symptoms persist for a few weeks.
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